Truth and Physics Education: A Heideggerian Analysis
Robert Keith Shaw
The University of Auckland thesis reference: http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6051
Download the thesis here (ResearchSpace) or here (PhilPapers)>.
Cite as: Shaw, R. K. (2010) Truth and Physics Education: A Heideggerian Analysis. Accessed (insert current date) from http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6051. Auckland: University of Auckland.
This thesis develops a hermeneutic philosophy of science to provide insights into physics education.
Modernity cloaks the authentic character of modern physics whenever discoveries entertain us or we judge theory by its use. Those who justify physics education through an appeal to its utility, or who reject truth as an aspect of physics, relativists and constructivists, misunderstand the nature of physics. Demonstrations, not experiments, reveal the essence of physics as two characteristic engagements with truth. First, truth in its guise as correspondence enables a human being to prepare for the distinctive event of physics.
Second, the event of physics occurs in human perception when someone forces a hidden reality to disclose an aspect of itself. Thus, the ground of physics is our human involvement with reality achieved by way of truth.
To support this account of physics, the thesis reports phenomenological investigations into Isaac Newton’s involvement with optics and a secondary school physics laboratory. These involve interpretations of Heidegger’s theory of beings, schema and signification. The project draws upon, and contributes to, the hermeneutic phenomenology of modern physics, a tradition in continental philosophy that begins with Immanuel Kant, and advances particularly from Martin Heidegger to Patrick Heelan.
The thesis advocates an ontological pedagogy for modern physics which has as its purpose each individual student’s engagement with reality and truth. Students may achieve this through demonstrations of phenomena that will enable them to dwell with physics, an experience that contrasts with their embroilment in modernity, and which perpetuates nature’s own science.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Orientation
Modern Physics
Metaphysics
Heidegger’s conception of truth
Realism and physics
Ontological terminology
Phenomenology
Hermeneutics
The hermeneutic philosophy of science
Kant
Heidegger
Heelan
The argument of the thesis
Chapter 2: Truth is important in physics education
Students and teachers shun truth (Nietzsche)
Physics teachers are evangelists (Rorty)
True propositions in physics education (Aquinas)
Truth in the philosophy of physics (Newton)
Reality as the truth that founds physics (Plato and Aristotle)
Students construct physics (Hirst)
Chapter 3: Heidegger’s theory of truth
Truth and beings
Dasein’s schema provides for truth
The beings of truth
Ready-to-hand beings (Zuhandenheit)
Presence-at-hand beings (Vorhandenheit)
Others like itself (Dasein)
Dasein’s existence with truth
Ontological understanding (Verstehen)
Ontological disposition (Befindlichkeit)
Ontological nomination (Rede)
For-the-sake-of-which cascades (Signification)
Chapter 4: Physics and physics education
Ontic disciplines and regional ontology
Teach the science of nature
Restrict reality
Force revelations
Specialise
The hermeneutic philosophy of science
A proposal for an investigation
An existential analytic of the Dasein as method
Formal indication reveals phenomena
Ontological biography
Chapter 5: Newton dwells with truth
Truth in institutions (work)
Stumbling into abidance (discovery)
Colours (observation)
Mathematics (disclosures)
Chapter 6: Students dwell with truth
At the school gate (ontological transitions)
In the classroom (the beings of teaching)
The metre ruler (objects)
School physics (demonstrations)
Teachers and students (truth-beings)
Chapter 7: Discussion and conclusions
The involvements of truth
There are four ways to explicate truth in an existential analytic
Disciplines, everydayness, and regionalism
Truth in discovery
Formations of Alētheia
Disclosure always involves correspondence
Disclosure and alternative theories of truth
The essence of modern physics
Physics requires a distinctive disclosure
The truth of physics appears in demonstrations
Ontic texts do not constitute physics
Institutions are not essential to physics
Physics education
Physics perpetuates itself when Dasein constitutes truth
Physics is a rare occurrence in the school laboratory
Students are equipment
The potential hidden within physics education
The ontological pedagogy of modern physics
Aim
The teacher
Physics is personal
Demonstrations
Prospects
References
Alberti, L. B. (1991). On Painting (M. Kemp, Ed.) (C. Grayson, Trans.). London: Penguin.
Aquinas, T. (1994). Truth: Volume 1 (R. W. Mulligan, J. V. McGlynn & R. W. Schmidt, Eds.) (R. W. Mulligan, Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett.
Aristotle. (1984). The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation (J. Barnes, Ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Astley, J., & Francis, L. J. (Eds.). (1994). Critical Perspectives on Christian Education: A Reader on the Aims, Principles and Philosophy of Christian Education. Leominster: Gracewing.
Babich, B. E. (1995). Heidegger's Philosophy of Science: Calculation, Thought, and Gelassenheit. In B. E. Babich (Ed.), From Phenomenology to Thought, Errancy, and Desire (pp. 589-599). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Babich, B. E. (2003). From Van Gogh's Museum to the Temple at Bassae: Heidegger's Truth of Art and Schapiro's Art History. Culture, Theory and Critique, 44(2), 151 - 169.
Babich, B. E. (2009). A Conversation with Patrick Heelan and Babette Babich: Video Interview. Retrieved 5 August, 2009, from http://fordham.bepress.com/phil_interviews/1
Biernson, G. (1972). Why Did Newton See Indigo in the Spectrum? American Journal of Physics, 40(4), 526-533.
Blattner, W. D. (2006). Heidegger's Being and Time: A Reader's Guide. New York: Continuum.
Brentano, F. C. (1975). On the Several Senses of Being in Aristotle (R. George, Ed.) (R. George, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brentano, F. C. (1995). Descriptive Psychology (B. Müller, Ed.) (B. Müller, Trans.). London: Routledge.
Bridgman, P. W. (1927). The Logic of Modern Physics. New York: Macmillan.
Bridgman, P. W. (1952). The Nature of Some of Our Physical Concepts. New York: Philosophical Library.
Burtt, E. A. (1954). The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications.
Cambridge University Library. (2002). Footprints of the Lion: Isaac Newton at Work. Retrieved 5 May, 2009, from http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Exhibitions/Footprints_of_the_Lion/learning.html
Campbell, R. J. (2001). Heidegger: Truth as "Aletheia". In R. Small (Ed.), A Hundred Years of Phenomenology: Perspectives on a Philosophical Tradition (pp. 73-87). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Carman, T. (2003). Heidegger's Analytic: Interpretation, Discourse, and Authenticity in Being and Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cassirer, E. (1981). Kant's Life and Thought (J. Haden, Trans.). New Haven, R.I.: Yale University.
Cohen, H. F. (1994). The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cohen, I. B. (1985). The Birth of a New Physics. New York: Norton.
Cohen, I. B., & Westfall, R. S. (Eds.). (1995). Newton: Texts, Backgrounds, Commentaries. New York: Norton.
Cooper, D. E. (1993). Truth and Liberal Education. In R. Barrow & P. White (Eds.), Beyond Liberal Education: Essays in Honour of Paul H. Hirst (pp. 30-48). London: Routledge.
Cooper, D. E. (2002). Truth, Science, Thinking, and Distress. In M. A. Peters (Ed.), Heidegger, Education, and Modernity (pp. 47-63). Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
Crowell, S. (2005). Heidegger and Husserl: The Matter and Method of Philosophy In H. L. Dreyfus & M. A. Wrathall (Eds.), A Companion to Heidegger (pp. 49-64). Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
Dahlstrom, D. O. (2001). Heidegger's Concept of Truth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dallmayr, F. (1980). Heidegger on Intersubjectivity. Human Studies, 3(1), 221-246.
de Alba, A., González-Gaudiano, E., Lankshear, C., & Peters, M. A. (Eds.). (2000). Curriculum in the Postmodern Condition. New York: Peter Lang.
Drake, S. (1978). Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Dreyfus, H. L. (1991). Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger's "Being and Time", Division 1. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Ducheyne, S. (2005). Mathematical Models in Newton’s Principia: A New View of the 'Newtonian Style'. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 19(1), 1-19.
Einstein, A. (1982). On the Method of Theoretical Physics (S. Bargmann, Trans.). In C. Seelig (Ed.), Ideas and Opinions (pp. 270-276). New York: Crown.
Ellis, R. S. (1928). The Psychology of Individual Differences. New York: Appleton.
Fara, P. (2009). A Microscopic Reality Tale. Nature, 459(3 June 2009), 642-644.
Fehér, I. M. (1994). Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, Lebensphilosophie: Heidegger's Confrontation with Husserl, Dilthey, and Jaspers. In T. J. Kisiel & J. Van Buren (Eds.), Reading Heidegger from the Start: Essays in His Earliest Thought (pp. 73-90). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Feyerabend, P. (1999). How to Be a Good Empiricist. In J. Preston (Ed.), Knowledge, Science, and Relativism (Vol. 3, pp. 78-103). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Feynman, R. P. (1965). The Character of Physical Law. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Fraser, B. J., & Tobin, K. G. (1998). International Handbook of Science Education. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Friedländer, P. (1958). Plato (H. Meyerhoff, Trans.). New York: Bollingen/Pantheon Books.
Gadd, B. (1976). Cultural Difference in the Classroom: The Special Needs of Maoris in Pakeha Schools. Auckland: Heinemann Educational.
Galilei, G. (1967). Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic & Copernican (S. Drake, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Gendlin, E. T. (1988). Dwelling. In H. J. Silverman, A. Mickunas, T. J. Kisiel & A. Lingis (Eds.), The Horizons of Continental Philosophy: Essays on Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty (pp. 133-152). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Gingerich, O. (2003). Truth in Science: Proof, Persuasion, and the Galileo Affair. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 55(2), 80-87.
Glazebrook, T. (2000). Heidegger's Philosophy of Science. New York: Fordham University Press.
Glazebrook, T. (2001). Heidegger and Scientific Realism. Continental Philosophy Review, 34(4), 361-401.
Gleick, J. (1994). Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. London: Abacus.
Hansen, N. R. (1970). Hypotheses Fingo. In R. E. Butts & J. W. Davis (Eds.), The Methodological Heritage of Newton (pp. 14-33). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Hardy, L., & Embree, L. E. (1992). Phenomenology of Natural Science. Dordrecht-Boston: Kluwer.
Harker, R., & Spoonley, P. (Eds.). (1993). Science and Technology: Policy Issues for the 1990s. Wellington: New Zealand Ministry of Research, Science & Technology.
Haugeland, J. (1982). Heidegger on Being a Person. Nous, 16(1), 15-26.
Haugeland, J. (1998). Having Thought: Essays in the Metaphysics of Mind. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Haugeland, J. (2000). Truth and Finitude: Heidegger's Transcendental Existentialism. In M. A. Wrathall & J. E. Malpas (Eds.), Heidegger, Authenticity, and Modernity : Essays in Honor of Hubert L. Dreyfus (pp. 43-78). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Heelan, P. A. (1965). Quantum Mechanics and Objectivity: A Study of the Physical Philosophy of Werner Heisenberg. The Hague: Nijhoff.
Heelan, P. A. (1972). Hermeneutics of Experimental Science in the Context of the Life-World. Philosophia Mathematica, s1-9(2), 101-144.
Heelan, P. A. (1977). Hermeneutics of Experimental Science. In D. Ihde & R. M. Zaner (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Phenomenology (pp. 7-50). The Hague: M. Nijhoff.
Heelan, P. A. (1982). Hermeneutical Realism and Scientific Observation. Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, 1982, 77-87.
Heelan, P. A. (1983a). Perception as a Hermeneutical Act. The Review of Metaphysics, 37(1), 61-76.
Heelan, P. A. (1983b). Space-Perception and the Philosophy of Science. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Heelan, P. A. (1989). Yes! There Is a Hermeneutics of Natural Science: A Rejoinder to Markus. Science in Context, 3(02), 477-488.
Heelan, P. A. (1994). Galileo, Luther, and the Hermeneutics of Natural Science. In T. J. Stapleton (Ed.), The Question of Hermeneutics: Essays in Honor of Joseph J Kockelmans (pp. 363-375). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Heelan, P. A. (1995). Heidegger's Longest Day: Twenty-Five Years Later. In B. E. Babich (Ed.), From Phenomenology to Thought, Errancy, and Desire (pp. 579-587). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Heelan, P. A. (1997). Why a Hermeneutical Philosophy of the Natural Sciences? Man and World, 30(3), 271-298.
Heelan, P. A. (1998). The Scope of Hermeneutics in Natural Science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29(2), 273-298.
Heelan, P. A. (2001). Science Unfettered: A Philosophical Study in Sociohistorical Ontology by Mcguire, J.E. And Tuchansa, B. Review of Metaphysics, 55, 403-404.
Heelan, P. A. (2002). Afterword. In B. E. Babich (Ed.), Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh's Eyes, and God: Essays in Honor of Patrick A. Heelan (pp. 445-459). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Heelan, P. A. (2005). Carnap and Heidegger: Parting Ways in the Philosophy of Science. Retrieved 21 July, 2005, from http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/heelanp/Heid.Carnap.02.htm
Hegel, G. W. F. (1931). The Phenomenology of Mind (J. B. Baillie, Trans.). London: Sonnenschein.
Heidegger, M. (1962a). Being and Time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell.
Heidegger, M. (1962b). Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (J. S. Churchill, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1967). What Is a Thing? (E. T. Gendlin, Ed.) (W. B. Barton & V. Deutsch, Trans.). Chicago: Henry Regnery.
Heidegger, M. (1969). The Essence of Reasons (T. Malick, Trans.). Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1975). The Anaximander Fragment (D. F. Krell, Trans.). In Early Greek Thinking (pp. 13-58). New York: Harper & Row.
Heidegger, M. (1977a). The Age of the World Picture (W. Lovitt, Trans.). In The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays (pp. 115-154). New York: Harper & Row.
Heidegger, M. (1977b). The Question Concerning Technology (W. Lovitt, Trans.). In The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays (pp. 3-35). New York: Harper & Row.
Heidegger, M. (1977c). Science and Reflection (W. Lovitt, Trans.). In The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays (pp. 155-182). New York: Harper & Row.
Heidegger, M. (1982). The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (A. Hofstadter, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1984). The Metaphysical Foundations of Logic (M. Heim, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1985). History of the Concept of Time: Prolegomena (T. J. Kisiel, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1987). Nietzsche (Volume 3) (D. F. Krell, Trans.). San Francisco: Harper.
Heidegger, M. (1992). Parmenides (A. Schuwer & R. Rojcewicz, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1993a). Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion (T. J. Kisiel, Trans.). In T. J. Kisiel (Ed.), The Genesis of Heidegger's "Being and Time" (pp. 151-191). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Heidegger, M. (1993b). The Origin of the Work of Art (A. Hofstadter, Trans.). In D. F. Krell (Ed.), Basic Writings: From Being and Time (1927) to the Task of Thinking (1964) (pp. 143-202). New York: HarperCollins.
Heidegger, M. (1994). Basic Questions of Philosophy: Selected "Problems" of "Logic" (R. Rojcewicz & A. Schuwer, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1995a). Aristotle's Metaphysics Theta 1-3: On the Essence and Actuality of Force (W. Brogan & P. Warnek, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1995b). The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude (W. McNeill & N. Walker, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1997). Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (P. Emad & K. Maly, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1998a). Introduction to "What Is Metaphysics?" (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). In W. McNeill (Ed.), Pathmarks (pp. 277-290). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1998b). On the Essence of Ground (W. McNeill, Trans.). In W. McNeill (Ed.), Pathmarks (pp. 97-135). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1998c). Phenomenology and Theology (J. G. Hart & J. C. Maraldo, Trans.). In W. McNeill (Ed.), Pathmarks (pp. 39-62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1998d). Plato's Doctrine of Truth (T. Sheehan, Trans.). In W. McNeill (Ed.), Pathmarks (pp. 155-182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1999a). Contributions to Philosophy (from Enowning) (P. Emad & K. Maly, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (1999b). Ontology - the Hermeneutics of Facticity (J. van Buren, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind,: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2000a). The Idea of Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview. War Emergency Semester 1919 (T. Sadler, Trans.). In Towards the Definition of Philosophy (pp. 1-99). New Brunswick, NJ: Athlone Press.
Heidegger, M. (2000b). Towards the Definition of Philosophy (T. Sadler, Trans.). New Brunswick, NJ: Athlone Press.
Heidegger, M. (2001). Zollikon Seminars: Protocols, Conversations, Letters (M. Boss, Ed.) (F. Mayr & R. Askay, Trans.). Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2002a). The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy (T. Sadler, Trans.). New York: Continuum.
Heidegger, M. (2002b). The Essence of Truth: On Plato's Cave Allegory and Theaetetus (T. Sadler, Trans.). New York: Continuum.
Heidegger, M. (2002c). On Time and Being (J. Stambaugh, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago.
Heidegger, M. (2003). The Self-Assertion of the German University (K. Harries, Trans.). In M. Stassen (Ed.), Philosophical and Political Writings (pp. 2-11). New York: Continuum.
Heidegger, M. (2007). On the Essence of Truth (Pentecost Monday, 1926) (T. J. Kisiel, Trans.). In T. J. Kisiel & T. Sheehan (Eds.), Becoming Heidegger: On the Trail of His Early Occasional Writings, 1910-1927 (pp. 275-288). Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2008). Basic Concepts of Ancient Philosophy (R. Rojcewicz, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2009). Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy (R. D. Metcalf & M. B. Tanzer, Trans.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Heintz, W. (1971). Errors of Observation in Double-Star Work. Astrophysics and Space Science, 11(1), 133-135.
Hirst, P. H. (1972). Liberal Education and the Nature of Knowledge. In R. F. Dearden, P. H. Hirst & R. S. Peters (Eds.), Education and the Development of Reason (Vol. 3, pp. 1-24). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. H. (1974). Knowledge and the Curriculum: A Collection of Philosophical Papers. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. H. (1983). Educational Theory. In P. H. Hirst (Ed.), Educational Theory and Its Foundation Disciplines (pp. 3-29). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. H., & Peters, R. S. (1970). The Logic of Education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Husserl, E. (1970). The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy (D. Carr, Trans.). Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Husserl, E. (1994). Phänomenologische Psychologie (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1927) (J. J. Kockelmans, Trans.). In J. J. Kockelmans (Ed.), Edmund Husserl's Phenomenology. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press.
Husserl, E. (1999). The Essential Husserl: Basic Writings in Transcendental Phenomenology (D. Welton, Ed.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Inwood, M. J. (1999). A Heidegger Dictionary. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
Irwin, R. (2010). Climate Change and Philosophy Transformational Possibilities. London: Continuum.
James, W. (1950). The Principles of Psychology: Volume 1. New York: Dover.
Janiak, A. (2008). Newton as Philosopher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Janik, A., & Toulmin, S. E. (1996). Wittgenstein's Vienna. Chicago: Ivan R Dee.
Johnson, J. G. (1973a). English at Hillary College. In J. J. Shallcrass (Ed.), Secondary Schools in Change (pp. 73). Wellington: Price Milburn for the New Zealand Post Primary Teachers Association.
Johnson, J. G. (1973b). A Multi-Racial College. In J. J. Shallcrass (Ed.), Secondary Schools in Change (pp. 16-17). Wellington: Price Milburn for the New Zealand Post Primary Teachers Association.
Johnson, J. G. (1973c). A Secondary School for a Multi-Ethnic Suburb. In D. H. Bray & C. G. N. Hill (Eds.), Polynesian and Pakeha in New Zealand Education (Vol. II, pp. 148-159). Auckland: Heinemann Educational Books.
Josephson, P. (2003). Science, Ideology, and the State: Physics in the Twentieth Century. In M. J. Nye (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Science (Vol. 5: The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences, pp. 579-597). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I. (1969). Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens (M. K. Munitz, Ed.) (W. Hastie, Trans.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kant, I. (1993). Opus Postumum (E. Förster, Ed.) (E. Förster & M. Rosen, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I. (2004). Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (M. Friedman, Ed.) (M. Friedman, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kisiel, T. J. (1977). Heidegger and the New Images of Science. Research in Phenomenology, 7, 162-181.
Kisiel, T. J. (1992). The Genesis of "Being and Time". Man and World, 25(1), 21-37.
Kisiel, T. J. (1993). The Genesis of Heidegger's "Being and Time". Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kisiel, T. J. (1994a). Heidegger (1920-21) on Becoming a Christian: A Conceptual Picture Show. In T. J. Kisiel & J. Van Buren (Eds.), Reading Heidegger from the Start: Essays in His Earliest Thought (pp. 175-192). Albany: State University of New York.
Kisiel, T. J. (1994b). Kriegsnotsemester 1919: Heidegger's Hermeneutic Breakthrough. In T. J. Stapleton (Ed.), The Question of Hermeneutics: Essays in Honor of Joseph J Kockelmans (pp. 155-208). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Kisiel, T. J. (1995a). Heidegger's Gesamtausgabe: An International Scandal of Scholarship. Philosophy Today, 39(1), 3-15.
Kisiel, T. J. (1995b). Why Students of Heidegger Will Have to Read Emil Lask. Man and World, 28(3), 197-240.
Kisiel, T. J. (2002). Heidegger's Way of Thought: Critical and Interpretative Signposts (A. Denker & M. Heinz, Eds.). London: Continuum.
Kisiel, T. J., & Sheehan, T. (Eds.). (2007). Becoming Heidegger: On the Trail of His Early Occasional Writings, 1910-1927. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
Kockelmans, J. J. (1968). Philosophy of Science: The Historical Background. New York: Free Press.
Kockelmans, J. J. (1985). Heidegger and Science. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America.
Kockelmans, J. J. (1993). Ideas for a Hermeneutic Phenomenology of the Natural Sciences. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Krell, D. F. (1975). On the Manifold Meaning of Aletheia: Brentano, Aristotle, Heidegger. Research in Phenomenology, 5(1), 77-94.
Kuehn, M. (2001). Kant: A Biography. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Langan, T. (1959). The Meaning of Heidegger: A Critical Study of an Existentialist Phenomenology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Laymon, R. (1978). Newton's Experimentum Crucis and the Logic of Idealization and Theory Refutation. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science, 9(1), 51-77.
Levin, D. M. (1988). The Opening of Vision: Nihilism and the Postmodern Situation. London: Routledge.
Lonergan, B. J. F. (1970). Insight: A Study of Human Understanding. New York: Philosophical Library.
Lonergan, B. J. F. (1972). Method in Theology. London: Darton, Longman and Todd.
Matthews, M. R. (Ed.). (1998). Constructivism in Science Education: A Philosophical Examination. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
McHugh, G., Armstrong, H. L., Boultbee, A. H., & Westfall, R. S. (1973). The Fudge Factor. Science, 180(4091), 1118-1121.
McLaughlin, T. H. (2001). Paul H. Hirst 1927-. In J. Palmer, D. E. Cooper & L. Bresler (Eds.), Fifty Modern Thinkers on Education: From Piaget to the Present Day (pp. 193-198). London: Routledge.
McNeill, W. (1999). The Glance of the Eye: Heidegger, Aristotle, and the Ends of Theory. Albany: State University of New York.
Mehra, J., & Rechenberg, H. (1982). The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of Perception (C. Smith, Trans.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Munro, R. (Ed.). (1977). The Hillary Whanau Unit: The Auckland Project on Classroom Monitoring. Auckland: University of Auckland.
Murphy, P. A. (1976). A Survey and Experiment Concerning Reading Attitudes Amongst Pupils of Hillary College. Unpublished Diploma in Education thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland.
New Zealand Association for Research in Education. (2005). The Rae Munro Award. Retrieved 3 March, 2008, from http://www.nzare.org.nz/awards/raemunro_award.html
New Zealand Government. (1997). Royal Society of New Zealand Act 1997. Wellington: The Parliamentary Counsel Office.
Newton, I. (1664-65). Questiones Quædam Philosophiæ (Certain Philosophical Questions) (Additional Ms. 3996 Cambridge: Cambridge University Library). The Newton Project. Retrieved 3 November, 2008, from http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk
Newton, I. (1671/2). Draft of 'a Theory Concerning Light and Colors' (Additional Ms. 3970.3 Ff, 460-66, Cambridge: Cambridge University Library). The Newton Project. Retrieved 10 October, 2008, from http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk
Newton, I. (1672). A Serie's of Quere's. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 85, 5004-5007. Retrieved 15 July, 2009, from http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk
Newton, I. (1718). Opticks: Or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. The Second Edition, with Additions. The Newton Project. Retrieved 2 April, 2009, from http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk
Newton, I. (1978). Isaac Newton's Papers & Letters on Natural Philosophy and Related Documents (I. B. Cohen & R. E. Schofield, Eds.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Newton, I. (1984a). Lectiones Opticae (Lecture 1-18). In A. E. Shapiro (Ed.), The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton (Vol. 1, pp. 46-279). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Newton, I. (1984b). Optica (the Optical Lectures, Deposited Version). In A. E. Shapiro (Ed.), The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton (Vol. 1, pp. 280-603). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Newton, I. (1984c). The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton (A. E. Shapiro, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Newton, I. (1999). The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (I. B. Cohen & A. M. Whitman, Eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nietzsche, F. W. (1979). Ecce Homo: How One Becomes What One Is (R. J. Hollingdale, Ed.) (R. J. Hollingdale, Trans.). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Nietzsche, F. W. (1999a). The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings (R. Speirs, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nietzsche, F. W. (1999b). On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense (R. Speirs, Trans.). In R. Geuss & R. Speirs (Eds.), The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings (pp. 139-153). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nietzsche, F. W. (2001). The Gay Science: With a Prelude in German Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs (B. A. O. Williams, J. Nauckhoff & A. Del Caro, Eds.) (J. Nauckhoff, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nietzsche, F. W. (2002). Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (R.-P. Horstmann & J. Norman, Eds.) (J. Norman, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nola, R. (1997). Constructivism in Science and Science Education: A Philosophical Critique. Science & Education, 6(1), 55-83.
Nuthall, G. (1999). The Way Students Learn: Acquiring Knowledge from an Integrated Science and Social Studies Unit. The Elementary School Journal, 99(4), 303-341.
Nuthall, G. (2000). The Role of Memory in the Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge in Science and Social Studies. Cognition & Instruction, 18(1), 83-139.
Nuthall, G. (2005). The Cultural Myths and the Realities of Teaching and Learning. In B. Webber (Ed.), The Herbison Lectures (pp. 77-103). Wellington: NZCER Press.
Østergaard, E., Dahlin, B., & Hugo, A. (2008). Doing Phenomenology in Science Education: A Research Review. Studies in Science Education, 44(2), 93-121.
Øverenget, E. (1998). Seeing the Self: Heidegger on Subjectivity. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Oxford English Dictionary. (1989). (J. Simpson, Ed.). OED Online: Oxford University Press.
Peters, M. (Ed.). (2002). Heidegger, Education, and Modernity. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
Petzet, H. W. (1993). Encounters and Dialogues with Martin Heidegger, 1929-1976 (P. Emad & K. Maly, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Phillips, D. C. (1993). Paul Hirst's Structure, or, the Uses and Abuses of an Overworked Concept. In R. Barrow & P. White (Eds.), Beyond Liberal Education: Essays in Honour of Paul H. Hirst (pp. 79-92). London: Routledge.
Plato. (1961). The Collected Dialogues of Plato, Including the Letters (E. Hamilton & H. Cairns, Eds.). New York: Pantheon Books.
Putnam, H. (1987). The Many Faces of Realism. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Putnam, H. (1988). Representation and Reality. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Putnam, H. (2004). Ethics without Ontology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University.
Redish, E. F., & Vicentini, M. (Eds.). (2004). Research on Physics Education. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Rees, M. (2009). Our Strategic Priorities - 2009. The Royal Society Website. Retrieved 9 April, 2009, from http://royalsociety.org/publication.asp?id=5626
Reich, R. (1996). The Paradoxes of Education in Rorty’s Liberal Utopia. In Philosophy of Education Society (Ed.), Philosophy of Education: 1996 (pp. 342-351). Urbana, Ill.: Philosophy of Education Society.
Richardson, W. J. (1968). Heidegger's Critique of Science. New Scholasticism, 62, 511-536.
Richardson, W. J. (1974). Heidegger: Through Phenomenology to Thought. The Hague: Nijhoff.
Rorty, R. (1991). Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rouse, J. (1981). Kuhn, Heidegger, and Scientific Realism. Man and World, 14(3), 269-290.
Rouse, J. (2003). From Realism or Anti-Realism to Science as Solidarity. In C. B. Guignon & D. R. Hiley (Eds.), Richard Rorty (pp. 81-104). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Safranski, R. (1998). Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil (E. Osers, Trans.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Schalow, F. (1987). Re-Opening the Issue of World: Heidegger and Kant. Man and World, 20(2), 189-203.
Schalow, F. (1994). The Kantian Schema of Heidegger's Later Marburg Period. In T. J. Kisiel & J. Van Buren (Eds.), Reading Heidegger from the Start: Essays in His Earliest Thought (pp. 309-323). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Sheehan, T. (2001). A Paradigm Shift in Heidegger Research. Continental Philosophy Review, 34( 2), 183-202.
Shields, C. J. (1993). Some Recent Approaches to Aristotle's De Anima (D. W. Hamlyn, Trans.). In D. W. Hamlyn & C. J. Shields (Eds.), Aristotle: De Anima: Books 2 and 3 (pp. 157-181). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Skinner, B. F. C. (1971). Beyond Freedom and Dignity. New York: Knopf.
Small, H., & Crane, D. (1979). Specialties and Disciplines in Science and Social Science: An Examination of Their Structure Using Citation Indexes. Scientometrics, 1(5), 445-461.
Small, R. (2009). Latin Translation. Personal communication to R. K. Shaw, 8 May 2009.
Smith, G. E. (2002). The Methodology of the "Principia". In I. B. Cohen & G. E. Smith (Eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Newton (pp. 138-173). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, R. W. (1989). The Space Telescope: A Study of NASA Science, Technology, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, W. H. (2007). Why Tugendhat's Critique of Heidegger's Concept of Truth Remains a Critical Problem. Inquiry, 50(2), 156-179.
Sobel, D. (1999). Galileo's Daughter: A Drama of Science, Faith, and Love. London: Fourth Estate.
Stapleton, T. J. (1994). Introduction. In T. J. Stapleton (Ed.), The Question of Hermeneutics: Essays in Honor of Joseph J Kockelmans (pp. 1-14). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Stern, P. M., & Green, H. P. (1971). The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial. London: Hart-Davis.
Stith, J., & Czujko, R. (2003). The Physics-Educated Workforce. In M. A. Fox (Ed.), Pan-Organizational Summit on the U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce (pp. 29-34). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
Suppe, F. (1974). The Structure of Scientific Theories. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Tarán, L. (2001). Collected Papers, 1962-1999. Leiden: Brill.
Tartaglia, J. (2007). Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Rorty and the Mirror of Nature. London: Routledge.
The Newton Project. (2009). Newton's Notebook (Ms.3996). Personal communication to R. Shaw, 20 October, 2009.
Todes, D. P. (2000). Ivan Pavlov: Exploring the Animal Machine. New York: Oxford University Press.
Toulmin, S. E. (1972). Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts. Oxford: Clarendon.
Toulmin, S. E. (1990). Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity. New York: Free Press.
Toulmin, S. E. (2002). The Hermeneutics of the Natural Sciences. In B. E. Babich (Ed.), Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh's Eyes, and God: Essays in Honor of Patrick A. Heelan (pp. 25-29). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Tugendhat, E. (1996). Heidegger's Idea of Truth (C. E. Macann, Trans.). In C. E. Macann (Ed.), Critical Heidegger (pp. 227-240). London: Routledge.
Wearmouth, J., Glynn, T., & Berryman, M. (2005). Perspectives on Student Behaviour in Schools: Exploring Theory and Developing Practice. London: Routledge.
Westfall, R. S. (1973). Newton and the Fudge Factor. Science, 179(4075), 751-758.
Westfall, R. S. (1980). Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Williams, B. A. O. (2002). Truth & Truthfulness: An Essay in Genealogy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Wippel, J. F. (1989). Truth in Thomas Aquinas. The Review of Metaphysics, 43(2), 295-326.
Young, J. (2002). Heidegger's Later Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zimmerman, M. E. (1995). Ontical Craving Versus Ontological Desire. In B. E. Babich (Ed.), From Phenomenology to Thought, Errancy, and Desire (pp. 501-523). Dordrecht: Kluwer.